Every decision is important during pregnancy, especially when it comes to your health and your baby’s health.
One question that has surfaced recently is whether taking acetaminophen (Tylenol®) during pregnancy increases the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children. Understandably, this concern has caused anxiety for many expectant parents.
Here’s what the latest research and expert organizations say: there is no clear scientific evidence that acetaminophen use in pregnancy causes autism.
What the Experts Say
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM) all agree: studies do not support a direct link between acetaminophen use in pregnancy and autism.
Some small studies have suggested an association, but association is not the same as causation. Larger, higher-quality studies from Sweden, Japan, and the United States have found no connection.
Why Acetaminophen Is Often Recommended
During pregnancy, safe treatment options for pain and fever are limited. Ibuprofen and other NSAIDs can cause complications, and opioids carry serious risks. Acetaminophen has long been considered the safest and most effective choice for:
- Reducing fever (important, since untreated fever in pregnancy can cause complications like birth defects, preterm labor, or stillbirth).
- Managing pain such as headaches, backaches, or discomfort.
What We Do Know About Autism
Autism is a complex condition with many contributing factors, including genetics, parental age, and environmental influences like air pollution or maternal health conditions. No single factor explains autism, and experts agree that acetaminophen has not been proven to cause it.
The Real Risk: Untreated Fever
Doctors worry that fear of taking acetaminophen may lead some pregnant women to avoid treating fevers. Fevers, especially in the first trimester, can increase risks for serious birth defects and pregnancy complications. In this case, the risks of not taking acetaminophen are greater than any unproven risks.
Practical Guidance
- Use medications only when needed. Don’t take any medicine “just in case.”
- Follow dosage instructions carefully. Stick to recommended amounts and avoid exceeding daily limits.
- Talk with your doctor. Every pregnancy is unique, and your provider can help you weigh the risks and benefits.
The Bottom Line
Right now, the best evidence shows that acetaminophen, when used as directed, is safe in pregnancy and does not cause autism. If you’re pregnant and dealing with pain or fever, don’t be afraid to talk with your healthcare provider about the safest way to care for yourself and your baby.
